Analysis of Different Stories

Analysis of Different Stories Critical analysis of different literature is significant in understanding the plot, the main ideas, and the domain of these works. Thus, this analytical treatise attempts to explicitly review the aspects of regionalism on line setting, national identity creation strategies, and character trait analysis in the books, â€Å"The Boat† by MacLeod, â€Å"Two Kinds† by Tan, and â€Å"Borders† by King.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Different Stories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Regionalism and Setting In the stories â€Å"Two Kinds† and â€Å"The Boat†, the authors explore the significant aspects of setting such as location, circumstances, tone and time to expand on regionalism. For instance, in the story, â€Å"Two Kinds†, the author paints a picture of a conservative society setting in the milieu beyond the mere narration. The picture of America is of a nation th at is characterized by beliefs in possibility. This rationalization facilitates establishment of calculating motivation dominated purely by goal orientation with minimal interference from the values and traditions discussed across the book. Therefore, the paradigm shift from old mobility forms is replaced by stringent rules that form the plot. On the other hand, in the story, â€Å"The Boat†, the author uses the concept of the traditional cage to describe the inherent increase in social life rationalization in the conservative society of the main character. As noted by Macleod, this traditional cage ensnares people unwillingly in teleological effectiveness coordination, power and lucid calculations in their endeavor to forge a common identity. On the front of regionalism, the traditional cage is characterized by defining rules, disciplinary control, and recognition of outstanding social behavior. These aspects confirm the complex regionalism settings in these stories. Post Co lonialism development Strategies Post colonialism development consists of a hierarchical order of authority, efficiency, labor division which subsequently promotes collective commitment to the growth of a nation. For instance, Tan, in the story â€Å"Two Kinds† suggests the principles of rationale actively interchanged to efficiently meet targets and periodical goals in a developing country. Since post colonial countries have small number of controls in the activities and life of the majority, this strategy is likely to generate a balanced economic and political power. As a result of the aforementioned tendencies, Tan predicts an evolution of flexible, technically ordered, and humanized systems where man becomes a social being that is considerate about the well-being of his neighbors. On the other hand, in the story â€Å"The Boat†, MacLeod suggests coordinated domination which defines compliance from rational calculation to simple habitation. Depending on its form, do minance is intrinsic of an interest. MacLeod is categorical is asserting that dominance uses economic means and have economic objectives for the post colonial development goals. Same as in a typical organization, dominance is arranged in a hierarchical order with each segment of the management ladder entrusted with authority to make certain decisions and dominate others. However, the success of this type of dominance depends on its motive and calculated advantage.Advertising Looking for essay on comparative literature? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In addition, in the story â€Å"Boarders†, King suggests that the facet of free repudiation is possible amidst the involuntary slave-master relationship during colonialism. Formal domination is described as that which is free of monopolistic exertion of economic power to contractual partners (Macleod 1988). Rather, this is affected by elements of ideal and effectu al supplementary interests in development goals. Interestingly, these authors opine that the authority is a legitimate domination form characterized by subordinates recognizing its legitimacy and respecting the hierarchal order in post colonial development intentions. However, legitimacy has little to do with right, natural justice, and rationality. Rather, the legitimacy of domination is determined by obedience, acceptance, and association with desirability amidst priorities. Characters’ Beliefs In the story â€Å"Two Kinds†, Mr. Chong’s obligation to loyalty is a personal decision that is accustomed by the traditions (Tan 1994). Chong’s charismatic authority functions on personal trust subordinates bestow in his outstanding qualities admired by the narrator despite being blind. Due to an extraordinary trait, subordinates obey this individual whom they believe has special command. Mr. Chong’s religious inclinations are influenced by spirits and de ities and often climax with pursuing personal interests rather the collective interest as indicated by the society. In the relationship between brotherliness and economic clandestine, Chong’s rational beliefs are inclined towards vocation and radical mystic anti-political attitude that has been internalized by religion as a form of redemption with cosmic brotherliness and benevolence. In fact, Chong’s behavior is a response to the tension between worldly life forces and religion as irrational social beliefs characterized by stereotyping, ecstasy techniques, and spontaneous play in belief spectrum. The narrator in the story â€Å"The Boat† holds the view that religion is only complete when practice rationally, independently, and with intellectual epochs. The narrator believes that the relationship between religion and art has created alliances which are sometimes misused by extremists to create unnecessary propaganda (King 2003). The narrator is a restless person with inner conviction to challenge traditions since mankind is given little room to question some of the traditional beliefs and hierarchy relationships. When a person understands his or her true identity and the factors monitoring his development as the narrator has, assimilation process would only lead to temporary alterations that will balance upon complete exposure to new ideas. The narrator is an independent, flexible, respectful, and an appreciative person unlike most of the members of that community whose lives are controlled by complex traditional beliefs.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Analysis of Different Stories specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More References King, T. (2003). Borders. Toronto: University of Toronto Press. Macleod, A. (1988). The Boat. New York: Formac Publishing Company. Tan, A. (1994). Two Kinds. Alabama: Paulinas.

Technolgy System Paper Essay Example

Technolgy System Paper Essay Example Technolgy System Paper Essay Technolgy System Paper Essay Essay Topic: Shane Technology System Paper Name: Institutional affiliation: Technology Systems Paper Introduction Technological innovation refers to the â€Å"use of knowledge to apply tools, materials process, and techniques to come up with new solutions to problems† (Shane, 2009). The Toyota Company is one of the world’s largest companies that have benefited greatly from technological innovation. The company invests heavily in technology systems and knowledge management to develop innovations that it uses on its products. This makes it one of the leading motor corporations in the world. The company’s decision to concentrate on technological innovations has given it a competitive edge over other companies. The company has invested in designing technology that continually improves the quality of its cars. It uses technology to ensure that its cars have less impact on the environment. It also uses technology to design better cars, with specific interest in safety and usage. Many people today are concerned with environmental conservation and preservation, and Toyota is no exception. The company has designed eco-friendly cars, which will ensure that they do not emit substances that will harm the environment. The company applied technological innovation to design a fuel cell vehicle, which uses hydrogen to generate electricity. The vehicle has been designed in such a way that it uses less energy, and it is environmentally friendly. The company has also developed an electric car. The car does not have any engine, and it produces no emissions. Although the car looks small on the outside, it has a large interior, and it can accommodate four people. Such innovations are not new to the company. The company has concentrated on satisfying the customers’ needs through using technology since it was first established in 1937 (Joo, 2010). Timeline of Development and Implementation In 1966, the first generation 1100cc Corolla was launched with features such as backup lights, and Macpherson strut suspension. Although these features are common today, they were not common during that time. Toyota led the way and other car companies soon developed the technology and included it in their cars. In 1983, the company developed the electronic modulated suspension. In 1997, Toyota launched the Prius, which was the first mass produced hybrid car. The Prius was one of the most eco-friendly and energy efficient cars, and it led other technological innovations in the company. In 2001, the company developed an electronically controlled brake (Tidd, Bessart, 2005). In 2003 developed an intelligent parking assistant, front and side-view monitor system and pre-crash safety. The development of the intelligence assistant was a major milestone for the company, and it ensured safety. In 2004, the company developed an adaptive cruise control with low speed following mode and in 2009 introduced the FT-EV, a battery electric vehicle Effect of Technology Systems on the Organization The evolution of technology systems has benefited companies greatly. It has created jobs and opportunities, and it has largely enhanced and improved companies operations (Tidd Bessart, 2005). Technology systems have given many businesses a competitive edge. On the other hand, they have also made some operations in businesses more complex. Management needs to invest more on information technology to ensure the smooth and efficient running of business in their organization (Kolawa, 2009). The technological field is one of the most diverse fields, and it is ever evolving. Different innovations come up at a higher rate than in other industries. Most of the newer products are usually better, more efficient, and of a higher quality, as competitors try to outdo each other, and gain a wider market. The evolution of technology systems has benefited businesses by enabling them to cut costs and promote growth; Technology systems have improved information technology management by creating better services and products. One of the most significant technological systems in organizations today is the internet. The internet has enabled organizations to integrate technology, people, communication and information (Axson, 2010). Technological systems have increased the opportunities in information technology. The systems are applied in areas such as marketing and distribution, and this has made work easier in these areas (Tidd Bessart, 2005). The systems have also increased and enhanced investment opportunities. Technological systems in the information technology management have enhanced communication, in the sense that they have made it easier for people to communicate within the organization. They have reduced the time it takes for messages to pass from one person to the other. They have enabled the reduction and elimination of errors. The systems have enhanced communication by eliminating misunderstanding that results from miscommunication, thereby improving quality. The systems have made information available to everyone. They have reduced the costs of obtaining services and products. The systems have changed the way people do their work. They have increased multitasking, and have enabled people to take on different roles and responsibilities in organizations. Some of the tasks were usually allocated to one person who had specialized in the specific area, but this is no longer the case. Because people can access information easily, they can are able to get more knowledge, and this enables them to undertake many tasks. The evolution of systems in information management has led to the creation of simpler systems, which do not require high mastery before one can undertake them (Olsen, Pederson, Hendricks, 2009). This means that organizations are able to reduce their operational and production costs. Technological systems have reduced costs related to information technology management. Systems such as cloud computing are revolutionizing the information technology industry. They are eliminating the need of expensive computer hardware by applying virtualization. This means that companies spend less money on installation, and maintenance. Moreover, they do not have to worry about buying the latest information management systems in the market (Ostermann, Iosup, Yigitbasi, Prodan, Fahringer, Epema, 2010). The evolution of technological systems means that organizations should keep on training their workers on how they can use the systems fully to their advantage. Many systems in the information technology sector are underutilized (Jasperson, Carter, Zmud, 2005). Technology systems have changed the way knowledge workers perform their duties. Knowledge workers such as programmers, analysts and researchers are able to perform their work in a better way than before. The evolution in technology systems has enhanced technology in the sense that knowledge workers are able to make technology work for them. Knowledge workers deal with non-routine work and they have to apply creative thinking. Knowledge workers spend a lot of time searching for information, analyzing different topics and problems and networking. They also organize, retrieve and track information. They create, share and manage knowledge and information within the organization and between different organizations (Reinhardt, Schmidt, Sloep, Drachsler, 2011). Knowledge worker roles include controller, linker, organizer, helper, networker, retriever, learner, tracker, sharer and solver. Conclusion Technological systems have eased the work performed by people by reducing the effort and time devoted in many processes. The systems have enabled the knowledge workers to perform their tasks and roles with relative ease. They have provided the necessary mechanisms for workers to perform their work. For instance, the workers have access to search engines, where they can obtain different information. The technological systems have evolved and the workers can use them in a more efficient way. Workers can filter out the information that is not needed, and this reduces errors. Technological systems have enabled knowledge workers to communicate and share knowledge in a better way. As they share this information, they network with each other and they gain more knowledge. They are therefore able to come up with better creative ideas. This enhances the competition between them. Competition benefits the organization and the clients by ensuring that the organizations and the clients get better services. The evolution of systems has enabled global knowledge workers to connect without limitations of culture and has enhanced diversity and equality in organizations (Nicolopoulou, Ozkan, Tatli, Taylor, 2011)

Plaisio Computers Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Plaisio Computers - Research Paper Example In the United States, there is a growing trend for environmental responsibility at the corporate level, at such a level that it seems to be driving the activities of competing companies in how they approach their advertising strategies. Unlike the European markets, the United States companies in the technology sales and service support industry often use environmentalism and corporate support for improving a greener lifestyle as part of the heavy promotional investment. In fact, a large retailer in the US, Best Buy, has been offering free recycling services for customers as a means to lure them into their stores. This includes old desktops and old analog television sets, as two examples. Being the sales leader that Best Buy has become in this market, consumers who need to get rid of their old computer technologies, and have no idea how to go about it, are drawn to this strategy and it can serve as a significant strategic marketing advantage to improve sales with American consumers. Also in this environment, consumers are reconsidering the importance of extended service plans, those plans that offer continued benefits for making an electronics product purchase. Says a retail executive in this country, â€Å"You used to be able to fix a TV with a solder gun and transistors. That’s not the case anymore; it can be a $400 part† (Klosek, 2009, p.28). The extended service plan also provides companies with considerable profit opportunity, since it is a pay-now type of risk agreement where the retailer is able to measure actual cash balance in real-time by adding costs to the product sales receipt.  There are difficulties with this market entry strategy that should be identified, the most considerable is the high level of competition in the sales of electronics and similar devices all across this populated region.

The Difference Between Management And Leadership In School System Essay

The Difference Between Management And Leadership In School System - Essay Example This essay discusses leading for change in the education sector, and also the contribution that teacher leaders can make to school leadership. It examines the type of leadership required and highlights some important differences between management and leadership. Management concerns the process of dealing with, controlling and being responsible for all activities and operations of an organisation. It involves coordinating all members and resources belonging to the organisation according to their potential, and the attempt is to be as efficient and effective as possible. Usually, aims and objectives are defined, planning is undertaken, and the progress is monitored. There is therefore, a focus on structuring, In the UK school system, the managerial tasks in schools are mostly handled by the head teacher, although some may be delegated to deputy heads and/or subject co-ordinators. Leadership places a great emphasis on personal qualities and how leaders influence others. Leadership is n ecessary for organisations in general because without it, an organisation fails to have vision, direction, order and discipline, and consequently, the performance of individuals within the organisation varies and they are unable to exploit their full potential. There are several forms of leadership, which differ in their style although they all share the essential qualities of leadership. Transformational leadership is one very popular form of leadership. In this form, there is a greater attempt to bring about changes to achieve certain goals.

Primary narcissism Essay Example for Free

Primary narcissism Essay Narcissism is a character trait in which people tend to show more concern to self than other people around them. It can be either primary which is usually common in infants or secondary that is common in adults. This paper is going to look into the effects that the current generation narcissism has brought to the community and ways in which it can be controlled. Introduction Narcissism is a character attribute that is usually functional to a given social group that denotes lack of concern for other people. Although it has proved to be a biological necessity, care should be taken so that it doesn’t exceed the limits at which it may bring destruction to self and individuals around us. It is said to be a response to our inside states like fear and hunger and it proved to be important for homeostasis maintenance in the body. Modern day narcissism was accelerated by the chaos of 1960 that were politically motivated that made people to try to avoid the world around them by creating within themselves â€Å"small heavens†. Narcissism can be divided into two different categories: primary and secondary narcissism. Primary narcissism: This is usually inborn and is usually expressed by all infants. The infant usually lacks interest in the outside world basically because of the fact that it hasn’t familiarized it self with it. The mother is usually the only thing in its live and the care that she (the mother) gives plays a great role towards this effect. Contrary to primary narcissism, Secondary narcissism is pathological. It is usually an attempt to compensate for emptiness that comes along when love is not given back resulting to ostentation in an attempt to get rid of guilt with weakness (Campbell Foster, 2007). Primary narcissism results to completion together with the urge to overcome tasks. The fear of separation of the infant from the mother interferes with the course of getting used to the outside world and therefore the infant results to creating a world of its own. Narcissism is encouraged during infancy by parents by making infants chase after wild dreams through the notion that is instilled to them that it is impossible to fail. They give out their love together with support which results in some sense of false perfection. According to Brown and Nina (2008), patients who suffer from narcissism usually come from children whose mothers where more prominent in their care compared to their fathers who mostly you find were substituted by a male role model. When they become adults, they develop a desire for intimate relationships but unfortunately majority of them end up isolating themselves. Mostly victims are unable to differentiate between self and others because of the paradoxical desires that exist within them. Victims of narcissism may be successful in different aspects but the moment they fail to attain their goals, they become depressed and feel guilt. Because of the exaggerated pride in accomplishments, reasoning becomes unclear. This may result to angry reaction to criticism from victims or result to depression because of the threat to believe of perfection. Although narcissism may affect them negatively, it may inspire the victims to come out as strong leaders through the confidence it gives them even in situations of criticism from others which brings about faith from other followers. Although they seem chartable, their ultimate goal is self. They associate happiness to achievements together with products and not their contributions to humanity. Narcissism is common in children, but it can also be manifested in old adults especially those who care a lot about what the media says. The victims tend to live in their past and get depressed and become cynical (Campbell Foster, 2007) Ways in which society promote Narcissism. Various institutions in the modern day promote narcissism. An example is the 1960s politics that incited people to retreat to their own worlds which have turn out to be the source of narcissistic traits. Its energy is brought out through a voice that is applauded by people covering up its failures. Majority of its victim are men because many of them are known to get confused when it comes to desires where they may end up converting their desire for sex to greedy for political authority. This projection of individual feelings to society is manifested in political debates (Hesse, 2005). There is also great contribution to narcissism by the media through expression of unrealistic hopes through propagandas in commercialization. The media has promoted equality of roles among women, men and children claiming that they all should be entitled to equal amounts and value of commodities just like the father. This has given rise to a new social individual. It has influenced parents to tolerate their children to avoid messing up. They have resulted to befriending their children by acquiring youthful looks and approaches. This makes children to acquire delusions of self-sufficiency and grandiosity making them more vulnerable to superficial media. Media has not only affected kids but it has also had an effect on the general population in that it has taken away believe of self-sufficiency and influence to change the world. It has made people to picture themselves as insignificant parts of a machine and that they are unable to run themselves (Twinges Campbell, 2009). According to Ronningstam (2005), narcissism has affected the society in all aspects. Decisions have been made to be logical resulting in equilibrium between the losers and winners causing an overall narcissistic effect. Violence together with cynicism which has become part of our world has also contributed to narcissism development. Immorality that has become obvious in the society and suspicion about what the future holds for us has made people to retire back to selves and become heartless to the world around them. This is seen to be a way of defense in which through which we could avoid situations that could make us despair. People are ready to overlook the outside world because of the horrors and violence that comes with it and impose on themselves a self-image and return to â€Å"selves†. It involves shifting from a realistic world to one that distorts reality to different thoughts and plans. Through turning away from reality, more isolation is brought about. Although people may seem social, neither desire nor emotional ability to socialize genuinely is left. Bonds that existed previously between friends begin to break leaving future generations’ fate at risk of getting away without care and recognition. Narcissism can also occur in groups and mostly religious ones. Small cults can be equated to a family where by they try to provide a second opportunity to its members to develop emotionally. The relationship between their leader and its members can be equated to parent child affection where by a complete submission in exchange of protection and care is a necessity. In this case, only pure positive reinforcement is provided. Followers become connected to an individual similar to a parent but from whom come no disappointment. The same is seen in other major religion (Ronningstam, 2005). Because of the effects it has been known to bring about, it is important that necessary steps are taken to ensure that it is avoided. This can be achieved through creation of transitional objects that could guarantee an individual oneness with independence from both the mother and nature at large. Family together with group rehabilitation can be encouraged as they give people a chance to interact with others at the same time exposing the internal self to the outside world (Lachkar, 2008). References Brown, Nina W. (2008) Children of the Self-Absorbed: A Grown-ups Guide to Getting over Narcissistic Parents, New Harbinger Publications, U. S. Campbell, K. W. Foster J. D. (2007). The Narcissistic Self: Background, an Extended Agency Model, and Ongoing Controversies. To appear in: C. Sedikides S. Spencer (Eds. ), Frontiers in social psychology: The self. Philadelphia, PA: Psychology Press. Campbell, W. K. , Foster, J. D. (2007) The Narcissistic Self: Background and extended agency model and ongoing controversies. Sedikides and Spencer. Psychology Press, London. Hesse, Morten; Schliewe S, Thomsen RR (2005). Rating of personality disorder features in popular movie characters†. BMC Psychiatry (London: BioMed Central) 5 (45): 45. Ronningstam, Elsa F. (2005) Identifying and Understanding the Narcissistic Personality, oxford university press, New York. Lachkar, Joan (2008): How to Talk to a Narcissist, Taylor Francis Group, New York. Twenge, Jean M. Campbell, W. Keith (2009). The Narcissism Epidemic: Living in the Age of Entitlement, free press, Glencoe, Illinois.

Free College Essays - The Greatest Sinner in Hawthornes The Scarlet Letter :: free essay writer

The Scarlet Letter - Chillingworth and the Greatest Sin When asked to describe Roger Chillingworth, peers say he was an upstanding, respectful, concerned citizen. They would have been right, but he didn’t let anyone know just how much he cared. With the loss of Hester, he became filled with anger and jealousy and eventually let his emotions overtake him. At the close of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter, the malevolent state of Roger Chillingworth’s heart made him the guiltiest. Throughout the entire novel, every character except for Roger Chillingworth learned to forgive and cleared his or her heart of guilt. When the reverend showed his concern for the doctor just before his death he said, â€Å"may God forgive thee. Thou hast deeply sinned† (251). For example, Dimmesdale used some of his last words to forgive the doctor of his wrongdoing. Even though Chillingworth tortured and haunted him until the very end of his life, the reverend had strong enough character to want God to show mercy on the evildoer’s soul. Moreover, Dimmesdale was able to forgive Hester when he told her, â€Å"I do forgive you Hester† (191). Because of his high position of authority, Dimmesdale set high standards for his life, and that reflected in the way he handled personal relationships. Also, if Chillingworth had been more understanding towards Hester’s problem, he had a better chance at winning her love back. Finally, both Hester and her lover admitted their sin on the scaffold and sought forgiveness for their transgressions while Chillingworth never could admit he sinned. Secondly, Chillingworth’s actions were motivated by hate and a lust for revenge that overpowered him in the end. Therefore an awful change must have taken place in the doctor since â€Å"human nature loves more readily than it hates† (156). The actions of Hester, Dimmesdale, and Chillingworth were all motivated by a deep passion for one thing or another. However, the difference in their actions was that the adulteress and the minister acted out of love for each other while her husband acted out of anger and jealousy. Also, the physician underwent such a change that â€Å"there came a glare of red light out of his eyes; as if the old man’s soul were on fire, and kept smoldering duskily within his breast† (166). Eventually Chillingworth’s heart became so twisted and contorted that there were very noticeable differences in his personality.

ESL Education Essay

Facilitating education and learning of English language in developing countries has been a challenge for ESL teachers through the years. The capability of these countries to continually adapt to the globalizing economy has been gradually increasing and this also applies in learning the English language. Thus, the challenge for ESL instructors is to create and improve on mechanisms that will enhance a better facilitation of English language education among students in the developing countries. Continuous development of ESL programs has been prevalent in the recent years. Also, there is an increased diversity of participants who seek to learn English. Instructors of the language on the other hand have been welcoming these changes. â€Å"English language arts teachers are especially open to embracing the richness this diversity brings to their classrooms, yet many feel ill-prepared to teach students for whom English is a second, third or possibly fourth language. † (Young, 1996, p. 17) However, the proliferation of students who are studying ESL does not evenly match instructors who facilitate their education. This situation paves the way for ESL students taking part in an English classroom that is handled by non-trained ESL instructors which greatly affects and undermines the development and learning process of students. â€Å"Despite the increase in the number of trained ESL specialists over the past 10 years or so, it is no secret that vast numbers of limited English proficient (LEP) students still spend either all or large portions of their academic life with regular or content classroom teachers. (Penfield, 1987, p. 21) Another important issue in ESL education is the facilitation and processes involved in teaching. â€Å"Issues surrounding ESL education focus on determining the ‘best’ approach to help non-native speakers of English gain appropriate academic skills. † (Young, 1996, p. 17) In addition, there have been increased outputs of literature pertaining to enhancing ESL education in schools. One issue that is addressed in studies are listening and speaking ca pabilities of ESL students. However there had been discrepancies with application of these methods on the other hand for ESL instructors. â€Å"Though these studies have been helpful to EAP teachers, few have looked beyond reading and writing skills to what college/university professors actually require with regards to academic listening and speaking skills and which of these tasks are most problematic for ESL students in a tertiary institution. (Ferris & Tag, 1996, p. 298) Thus, efficient communication, enforcement of strategies, and stabilizing the curriculum are the possible options that institutions can make in addressing these needs. The next section looks into possible strategies that can be implemented to facilitate the challenges ESL teachers face in teaching English among non-native speakers. One possible solution is creating a monitoring criterion for ESL students. This would entail ESL educators of continuously creating necessary measures and dynamics to enhance learning for their students. â€Å"During formal and informal meetings these teachers continually discuss inherent shortcomings of the procedures used in assessing their students, share their shortcomings of the procedures used in assessing their students. † (Ernst, 1994, p. 323) With this, ESL students are assured that their individual performance are assessed and evaluated to further help them in acquiring and learning the language. Also, ESL teachers must develop both listening and communication strategies with students to facilitate the learning process and develop efficient mechanisms of education. â€Å"Somehow we need to help them bridge the gap between the safe interactions they experience in ESL classes and the activities they find more challenging and threatening in content classes. † (Ferris & Tag, 1996, p. 312) Creating listening strategies can also make ESL students feel comfortable and secure that their interests are seen and provides them the avenue to express what they really want. ESL teachers should simulate free-form classroom lecture discussions for their students and analyze videotaped classroom interactions with their students so that ESL students can be better prepared for the realities. † (Ferris & Tag, 1996, p. 312) Another possible alternative is the creation of â€Å"ESL Task Group†. â€Å"This group should consist of representatives of the total school community, be small enough for efficient operation, and be chaired by most competent person available. † (Levenson, 1969, p. 1) With the creation of this, the group must follow the necessary phases that includes (1) gathering information, (2) observation and evaluation, (3) surveying and (4) constant communication with important groups and organizations. Another issue that can be addressed is the issue of writing among ESL students. ESL teachers must be keen to adapt and understand the dilemma these students have in the correct and proper way of writing. â€Å"ESL writers should neither be treated as completely different from native speakers nor as completely the same, that a middle ground is desirable. (Chan, 1988, pp. 84-85) In addition, ESL writers must not be discriminated of expressing their intentions and ideas in class. â€Å"Like native speakers of English, ESL writers can and should be encouraged to write as a means of discovering what they think and know and as a means of commu nicating their sides. † (Chan, 1988, p. 85) Lastly, adequate and continuous training must be given to future and current ESL instructors. Recognizing that each one is vital for the success of the program, constant awareness must be made regarding this issue. The most obvious pedagogical solution to students’ dilemma is to train professors to respond clearly and effectively to students’ informal questions and comments. † (Ferris & Tragg, 1996, p. 312) In addition, there needs to be a collaborative effort between non-ESL teachers and ESL instructors since they both have the same objective – educate. â€Å"Collaboration with other teachers who are ‘becoming’ mainstreamed ESL teachers serves as another important avenue for support. â€Å"(Young, 1996, p. 19) By being dynamic, issues regarding ESL facilitation can be eased and create learning.

Fight Club Essay

In the movie â€Å"Fight Club† is about the narrator, Jack’s, fantasy of an alternate reality, his personal shadow. Tyler Durden represents Jack’s unconscious collective shadow. Jack, the protagonist, has a meaningless, boring and empty life, and suffers from insomnia. Jack tries to lend color to his insignificant life by purchasing new commodities like his furniture which are the fetish items of the narrator and they provide him with more meaningful existence. Jack has a dull life and he could not find any time for his hobbies due to his busy business life. He has no girlfriend or even a close friend. He does nothing to have fun and he suppresses all his instincts for pleasure in his unconscious. Although he is not happy about his life, every morning he wakes up, goes to work and travels frequently. He suffers from insomnia because he is suppressing his shadow. Later, he finds the idea of participating in cancer and disease support groups. Jack lacks the courage to confront his shadow. Instead, Jack indentifies with her persona, the role the world expects him to play. As the movie progresses Jack gradually begins to become aware of his shadow, and how it motivates his behavior. It is only by doing so that he begins the process of self-realization. One criticism that will be made is that the movie depicts a superficial and incomplete process of self-realization. â€Å"Jung considers the confrontation with the shadow, with one’s own evil, to be of the great psychological value. Understanding something about one’s shadow side is the beginning of self-knowledge. Without the realization of the shadow all real further psychological progress is blocked† (34). As I mentioned before, Tyler Durden is the collective unconscious side of Jack. In other words, Tyler represents the shadow of the narrator in â€Å"political confrontation†. Jack projects onto Tyler, the enemy side, which we view as hopelessly corrupt, sadistic, vindictive, and inhuman. â€Å"The collective shadow, viewed as a component of the collective unconscious, is the archetype of collective evil and can be represented by such archetypal images as the Devil, the Enemy, the Bad Guys, and the Evil Empire† (33-4). Tyler slowly begins to take control away from the narrator. The narrator gets pleasure from Tyler’s crazy, uncontrolled behaviors because Tyler does the things that the narrator imagines doing unconsciously, but was unable to do because of ociety pressure, which encouraged repressing his desires. Jung states, â€Å"Your shadow, the imperfect being in you that follows after and does everything which you are loath to do, all the things you are too cowardly or too decent to do† (35). The narrator gets pleasure from these anarchistic behaviors. Tyler also destroys the narrator’s house in order to prevent him from continuing his virtual life. Then, Tyler initiates a reaction like Jung’s shadow conception, full of violence and sexuality. He manifests his violence and forms an underground boxing club called Fight Club. Hopeless people like Bob who has testicular cancer and many other people who are not happy about their lives, which are full of suppressed emotions and societal pressures, join Fight Club. Tyler also satisfies his sexual instincts with Marla whereas the narrator fails to do so. Tyler becomes a cult hero and he even manages to get paid without ever going to work because of the shadow’s charisma, self-confidence and revolutionary aspect. However, after a while we start to realize the negative effects of the shadow. The shadow, Tyler Durden, takes control completely and he gets out of balance. Fight Club becomes an anarchistic group and Tyler prepares a big plan (Project Mayhem) for destroying all the banks, financial sector buildings. Tyler is thus transformed into a public enemy who wants to destroy the capitalist system. In the movie, Tyler says, â€Å"It is only when you have lost everything, you are free to do anything†. He wants to live in a primitive society in which everyone has nothing and everyone is equal. This feeling comes to his mind because of the influence of the shadow archetype. As Jung mentioned, archetypes are characteristics that reflect our primitive nature. Tyler rants, â€Å"You are not your job, you are not your money in your bank account†. The shadow becomes very destructive, violent and dangerous as Tyler clearly becomes a monster who threatens society. Tyler sees society and the capitalist system as his enemies. Tyler shows us exactly all the aspects of Jung’s shadow concept: violence, sexuality, self-confidence, charisma, courage, madness and a lack of balance. What makes Tyler so strong is the narrator’s error in repressing his shadow for such a long time. After a period, the narrator understands that his conscious mind was taken over for a while and he begins to fight Tyler. He gets rid of Tyler in the last scene by shooting himself and thus by metaphorically reducing the influence of the shadow, Tyler in his mind. The narrator thus achieves a new psychical balance and gets rid of his shadow Tyler Durden. Jung explains, â€Å"Consequently, the murder of the hero represents the need for change, for a ‘revaluation of earlier values,’ at midlife. The shadow figures of savage and dwarf represents the murderous energy as well as the insight, the shadow wisdom, needed to kill the hero and to transcend a youthful heroic attitude toward life†.

All-purpose Corpus

All-purpose Corpus All-purpose Corpus All-purpose Corpus By Maeve Maddox Corpus is just one of thousands of everyday Latin words that have not only outlived their original speakers, but have replicated in English like amoebas. Latin corpus means â€Å"body.† It entered Old French as cors and passed from there into Middle English. From then on the spelling and pronunciation fluctuated until the various spellings and pronunciations took on meanings other than just plain â€Å"body.† Corpus and its plural corpora proliferate in medical terminology, giving such labels as corpus callosum and corpora striata, which name structures in the brain. Apart from learned uses, the word corpus has spawned several words that everyone is familiar with and a few that occur in literature. I’m going to look at seven of these words. 1. corpus [kohr-puhs] First there’s the word corpus itself. Although no longer used to refer to a living body, corpus still means â€Å"body† in a figurative sense. A corpus is a body of literature, a body of information, or an author’s body of works. In this sense, corpus means â€Å"collection.† There’s a subcategory of linguistics called corpus linguistics that gathers and studies collections of speech and text gathered from non-literary, non-academic sources. An example of the linguistic corpora studied is the Corpus of Contemporary American English (COCA), an online collection of 450 million words gathered from U.S. sources, 1990-2012. 2. corpse [kohrps] Once the word for a living body, the noun corpse now means only a dead one. When it comes to choosing words for their emotional effect on the reader, corpse is probably one of the creepiest words in English. 3. corporation [kohr-puh-rey-shuhn] In 1534 a corporation was â€Å"a number of persons united, or regarded as united, in one body.† In 1611 a corporation was â€Å"a body of people legally authorized to act as a single person.† Eighteenth-century jokers called their abdomens â€Å"corporations.† I love this OED citation from Thomas Smolett (1721-1771): â€Å"Sirrah! my corporation is made up of good wholesome English fat.† In modern U.S. law, a corporation is an organization formed with state governmental approval to act as an artificial person to carry on business (or other activities), which can sue or be sued, and (unless it is non-profit) can issue shares of stock to raise funds with which to start a business or increase its capital. 4. corps [kohr] This incarnation of Latin corpus came into English a second time, again from French, this time in the expression corps d’armà ©e, literally â€Å"body of the army.† The term reflected a new way of using the army by breaking it down into smaller, more mobile tactical units. Such a unit was a corps. The word came to mean any body or company of persons associated in a common organization. In the current U.S. Army, a corps is a large unit made up of from two to five divisions. A division is made up of from 10,000 to 18,000 soldiers. Corps is also used in the name of one of the branches of the U.S. military, the Marine Corps, and government employees who serve abroad in U.S. embassies are members of the â€Å"diplomatic corps.† Corps is a popular name choice for civilian organizations that wish to suggest that their work and purpose have a military-like focus: Job Corps, Peace Corps, Mom Corps. The expression esprit de corps is used to describe the sense of enthusiasm, loyalty and devotion to a group that characterizes an organization like the Marine Corps. 5. corpulent [kohr-pyuh-luhnt] The adjective corpulent means â€Å"large, bulky, fleshy, fat.† A corpulent person has a lot of body. 6. corporeal [kohr-pohr-ee-uhl] The adjective corporeal is used to describe anything that has substance. A living person is said to be corporeal; a ghost is incorporeal. There’s a legal term, incorporeal rights, that refers to property that cannot be seen or touched, but may be owned and inherited, like copyrights, trademarks, and patents. 7. corpuscle [kohr-puh-suhl] The noun corpuscle is probably most familiar in the context of biology class. Corpuscles: Minute rounded or discoidal bodies constituting a large part of the blood.† The word comes from Latin corpusculum, â€Å"little body.† In English it can also mean â€Å"any minute body (usually of microscopic size), forming a more or less distinct part of the organism.† 8. corposant [kohr-puh-sant] This one isn’t so familiar an offspring of corpus, but it’s interesting so I’m including it. You may have heard of something called St. Elmo’s Fire. It’s a light-producing weather phenomenon. In the days of sailing vessels, sailors often saw the light playing eerily about the masts. The common name derives from the patron saint of sailors. The other name, corposant combines Latin corpus sanctum, â€Å"holy body† or â€Å"saint’s body.† Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:The Yiddish Handbook: 40 Words You Should KnowItalicizing Foreign Words10 Varieties of Syntax to Improve Your Writing

The Origins of the Roman Festival Lupercalia

The Origins of the Roman Festival Lupercalia Lupercalia is one of the most ancient of the Roman holidays (one of the feriae listed on ancient calendars from even before the time Julius Caesar reformed the calendar). It is familiar to us today for two main reasons: It is associated with Valentines Day.It is the setting for Caesars refusal of the crown that was made immortal by Shakespeare, in his ​Julius Caesar. This is important in two ways: the association of Julius Caesar and the Lupercalia gives us some insight into the final months of Caesars life as well as a look at the Roman holiday. The name of the Lupercalia was talked about a lot in the wake of the 2007 discovery of the legendary Lupercal cave  - where, supposedly, the twins Romulus and Remus were suckled by a she-wolf. The Lupercalia may be the longest-lasting of the Roman pagan festivals. Some modern Christian festivals, like Christmas and Easter, took on elements of earlier pagan religions, but they are not essentially Roman, pagan holidays. Lupercalia may have started at the time of the founding of Rome (traditionally 753 B.C.) or even before. It ended about 1200 years later, at the end of the 5th century A.D., at least in the West, although it continued in the East for another few centuries. There may be many reasons why Lupercalia lasted so long, but most important must have been its wide appeal. Why Is Lupercalia Associated With Valentine's Day? If all you know about Lupercalia is that it was the background for Mark Antony to offer the crown to Caesar 3 times in Act I of Shakespeares Julius Caesar, you probably wouldnt guess that Lupercalia was associated with Valentines Day. Other than Lupercalia, the big calendar event in Shakespeares tragedy is the Ides of March, March 15. Although scholars have argued that Shakespeare did not intend to portray Lupercalia as the day before the assassination, it sure sounds that way. Cicero points to the danger to the Republic that Caesar presented on this Lupercalia, according to J.A. North- a danger the assassins addressed on that Ides. It was also, to quote Cicero (Philippic I3): that day on which, sodden with wine, smothered with perfumes and naked (Antony) dared to urge the groaning people of Rome into slavery by offering Caesar the diadem that symbolized the kingship.Caesar at the Lupercalia, by J. A. North; The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 98 (2008), pp. 144-160 Chronologically, Lupercalia was a full month before the Ides of March. Lupercalia was February 15 or February 13-15, a period either proximate to or covering modern Valentines Day. History of Lupercalia Lupercalia conventionally starts with the founding of Rome (traditionally, 753 B.C.), but may be a more ancient import, coming from Greek Arcadia and honoring Lycaean  Pan, the Roman  Inuus  or Faunus. [Lycaean is a word connected with the Greek for wolf as seen in the term lycanthropy for werewolf.] Agnes Kirsopp Michaels says Lupercalia only goes back to the 5th century B.C. Tradition has the legendary twin brothers Romulus and Remus establishing the Lupercalia with 2  gentes, one for each brother. Each  gens  contributed members to the priestly college that performed the ceremonies, with Jupiters priest, the  flamen  dialis, in charge, from at least the time of  Augustus. The priestly college was called the  Sodales Luperci  and the priests were known as  Luperci. The original 2  gentes  were the Fabii, on behalf of Remus, and the Quinctilii, for Romulus. Anecdotally, the Fabii were almost annihilated, in 479. at  Cremera  (Veientine  Wars) and the most famous member of the Quinctilii has the distinction of being the Roman leader at the disastrous battle at  Teutoberg Forest  (Varus and the Disaster at Teutoberg Wald). Later, Julius Caesar made a short-lived addition to the  gentes  who could serve as Luperci, the Julii. When Mark Antony ran as a Luperci in 44 B.C., it was the first time the Luperci Juliani had appeared at the Lupercalia and Antony was their leader. By September of the same year, Antony was complaining that the new group had been disbanded [J. A. North and Neil McLynn]. Although originally the Luperci had to be aristocrats, the  Sodales Luperci  came to include equestrians, and then, the lower classes. Etymologically, Luperci, Lupercalia, and Lupercal all relate to the Latin for wolf  lupus, as do various Latin words connected with brothels. The Latin for she-wolf was slang for prostitute. The legends say that Romulus and Remus were nursed by a she-wolf in the Lupercal. Servius, a  4th-century  pagan commentator on  Vergil, says that it was in the Lupercal that  Mars  ravished and impregnated the twins mother. (Servius  ad. Aen. 1.273) The Performance The cavorting  Sodales Luperci  performed an annual purification of the city in the month for purification February. Since early in Roman history March was the start of the New Year, the period of February was a time to get rid of the old and prepare for the new. There were two stages to the events of the Lupercalia: The first was at the site where the twins Romulus and Remus were said to have been found being suckled by the she-wolf. This is the Lupercal. There, priests sacrificed a goat and a dog whose blood they smeared on the foreheads of the young men who would soon go prancing naked around the Palatine (or sacred way) aka the Luperci. The hide of the sacrificial animals was cut into strips for use as lashes by the Luperci after the necessary feasts and drinking.Following the feast, the second stage began, with the Luperci running around naked, joking, and hitting women with their goatskin thongs. Naked or scantily-clad festival celebrants, the Luperci probably ran about the area of the  Palatine  settlement. Cicero [Phil. 2.34, 43; 3.5; 13.15] is indignant at a  nudus,  unctus,  ebrius  naked, oiled, drunk Antony serving as Lupercus. We dont know why the Luperci were naked.  Plutarch  says it was for speed. While running, the Luperci struck those men or women they encountered with goatskin thongs (or perhaps a  lagobolon  throwing stick in the early years) following the opening event: a sacrifice of goat or goat and dog. If the Luperci, in their run, circled the Palatine Hill, it would have been impossible for Caesar, who was at the rostra, to have witnessed the entire proceedings from one spot. He could, however, have seen the climax. The naked Luperci started at the Lupercal, ran (wherever they ran, Palatine Hill or elsewhere), and ended at the Comitium. The running of the Luperci was a spectacle. Wiseman says  Varro  called the Luperci actors (ludii). The first stone theater in Rome was to have overlooked the Lupercal. There is even a reference in Lactantius to the Luperci wearing dramatic masks. Speculation abounds as to the reason for the striking with the thongs or  lagobola. Perhaps the Luperci struck men and women to sever any deadly influence they were under, as Michaels suggests. That they might be under such an influence has to do with the fact that one of the festivals to honor the dead, the Parentalia, occurred at about the same time. If the act was to ensure fertility, it could be that the striking of the women was to represent penetration. Wiseman says that obviously, the husbands wouldnt have wanted the Luperci actually copulating with their wives, but symbolic penetration, broken skin, made by a piece of a fertility symbol (goat), could be effective. Striking women is thought to have been a fertility measure, but there was also a decided sexual component. The women may have bared their backs to the thongs from the festivals inception. According to Wiseman (citing Suet. Aug.), after 276 B.C., young married women (matronae) were encouraged to bare their bodies. Augustus ruled out beardless young men from serving as Luperci because of their irresistibility, even though they were probably no longer naked. Some classical writers refer to the Luperci as wearing goatskin loincloths by the 1st century B.C. Goats and the Lupercalia Goats are symbols of sexuality and fertility.  Amaltheas goat horn brimming with milk became the  cornucopia. One of the most lascivious of the gods was Pan/Faunus, represented as having horns and a caprine bottom half. Ovid (through whom we are chiefly familiar with the events of the Lupercalia) names him as the god of the Lupercalia. Before the run, the Luperci priests performed their sacrifices of goats or goats and dog, which Plutarch calls the enemy of the wolf. This leads to another of the problems scholars discuss, the fact that the  flamen  dialis  was present at the Lupercalia (Ovid  Fasti  2. 267-452) in the time of Augustus. This priest of Jupiter was forbidden to touch a dog or goat and may have been forbidden even to look at a dog. Holleman suggests that Augustus added the presence of the  flamen  dialis  to a ceremony at which he had earlier been absent. Another Augustan innovation may have been the goatskin on previously naked Luperci, which would h ave been part of an attempt to make the ceremony decent. Flagellation By the second century A.D. some of the elements of sexuality had been removed from the Lupercalia. Fully dressed matrons stretched out their hands to be whipped. Later, the representations show women humiliated by flagellation at the hands of men fully dressed and no longer running about. Self-flagellation was part of the rites of Cybele on the day of blood  dies  sanguinis  (March 16). Roman flagellation could be fatal. Horace (Sat., I, iii) writes about  horribile  flagellum, but the whip so used may have been a rougher sort. Scourging became a common practice in the monastic communities. It would seem likely, and we think Wiseman agrees (p. 17), that with the early churchs attitudes towards women and mortification of the flesh, Lupercalia fit right in despite its association with a pagan deity. In The God of the Lupercalia, T. P. Wiseman suggests a variety of related gods may have been the god of the Lupercalia. As mentioned above, Ovid counted Faunus as the god of the Lupercalia. For Livy, it was  Inuus. Other possibilities include Mars, Juno, Pan, Lupercus, Lycaeus, Bacchus, and Februus. The god itself was less important than the festival. The End of the Lupercalia Sacrifice, which was a part of  Roman  ritual, had been prohibited since A.D. 341, but the Lupercalia survived beyond this date. Generally, the end of the Lupercalia festival is attributed to  Pope Gelasius  (494-496). Wiseman believes it was another late  5th century  pope,  Felix III. The ritual had become important to the civic life of Rome and was believed to help prevent pestilence, but as the pope charged, it was no longer being performed in the proper manner. Instead of the noble families running around naked (or in a loincloth), riffraff was running around clothed. The pope also mentioned that it was more a fertility festival than a purification rite and there was pestilence even when the ritual was performed. The popes lengthy document seems to have put an end to the celebration of Lupercalia in Rome, but in  Constantinople, again, according to Wiseman, the festival continued to the tenth century. Sources Caesar at the Lupercalia, by J. A. North;  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 98 (2008), pp. 144-160.An Enigmatic Function of the Flamen Dialis (Ovid, Fast., 2.282) and the Augustan Reform, by A. W. J. Holleman.  Numen, Vol. 20, Fasc. 3. (Dec.,  1973), pp. 222-228.The God of the Lupercal, by T. P. Wiseman.  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 85. (1995), pp. 1-22.Postscript to the Lupercalia: From Caesar to Andromachus, by J. A. North and Neil McLynn;  The Journal of Roman Studies, Vol. 98 (2008), pp. 176-181.Some Notes on the Lupercalia, by E. Sachs.  The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 84, No. 3. (Jul.,  1963), pp. 266-279.The Topography and Interpretation of the Lupercalia, by Agnes Kirsopp Michels.  Transactions and Proceedings of the American Philological Association, Vol. 84. (1953), pp. 35-59.The Lupercalia in the Fifth Century, by William M. Green.  Classical Philology, Vol. 26, No. 1. (Jan.,  1931), pp. 60-69.

The changing nature of advertising from traditional print and Research Paper

The changing nature of advertising from traditional print and broadcast to interactive and web based - Research Paper Example This essay "The changing nature of advertising from traditional print and broadcast to interactive and web based" how advertisement is presented in various types of media, how it changed and how the advent of the Internet affected it. Traditional mass media involve advertising through the newspaper, books, magazines, radio and television. This type of advertising is one- to- many type of communication that does not allow direct feedback from the audiences. For instance when people read the magazines or turn on the television ,there is no way to directly respond to advertisements unless they write to or call the company themselves but this way they will be using another form of advertising. Radio advertising cost is very attractive advertising vehicle for many small business owners. Radio advertising has a wide scale appeal to consumers and it reaches thousand of target audience at the right time and right message. However, radio was primarily an entertainment medium and advertising is considered an interruption. This has resulted in an industry called satellite which provides entertainment without commercials because consumers are willing to pay for them. With the emergence of satellite radios the popularity of radio advertising is slowly decreasing. Radios have also evolved into entertainment source for background noise at work and for primarily driving. At homes, there has been a drop in radio use because people can play their CDs where they have the freedom to choose their music and programmes free of commercial interruption. This has led to low popularity in radio advertising. Television Advertising Television is a form of entertainment that brings the family together to enjoy public amusement without leaving home. Research has shown that an average person spends more time with the television than with newspaper and radio combined. This shows that television has a very huge audience making it the most powerful advertising choice for many manufacturers and retailers. This has been so for a very long time but all the same the television advertising is slowly dying. The television audience has been fragmented into few local channels where major companies would choose their advertiser but with the introduction of cable and satellite television the audience has further been fragmented into over 200 channels. This fragmentation has led to dramatic reduction of audience in the local channels. Television advertising has limited lifespan for any advertisement this makes the advertisers to not do their advertising on television because once the advertisement has aired its gone for good hence a viewer may not remember the advertisement after all. The television audience as well has a way of avoiding commercial interruption because there has been an introduction of TIVO, pay per view, public broadcasting stations and the multitude of satellite. This has seen a great number of audiences paying for those services because they are avoiding the commercial interruptions (Stafford, & Ronald, 2001,65). At homes, families are opting to watch a common movie as a form of entertainment since they are free of interruption. Although television advertising has decreased for the small business for the big businesses it is now possible to make world -wide advertisement this show that television advertisement has developed and has is yielding more benefits for

The glass menagerie Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The glass menagerie - Essay Example Tom the narrator regards his mother with compassion; which he was unable to express when he lived under the roof. This variation in the play is the slow deviation from the truthfulness of reality. In the play the narrator presents Amanda not as the villain but as a lonely woman caught up in a helpless situation, as a woman whose good intentions are not appreciated by anybody. As the narrator Tom is also an emissary from the outside world. He sees and narrates the ills of the society in conflict. The narrator views the plight of the family against the larger background of the ills of the society at his time. The ills of the microcosmic family are viewed by the narrator as the outcome of the ills of the microcosmic society. Tom the narrator has come to see that the Wingfeild family is not the only family lost in illusion. The whole American society is viewed by the narrator as taking refugee from such unpleasant realities as the depression, the on-coming war, the pettiness of the life of the individual etc. Tom the character essentially concerned with himself. He sees the outside world as a quest for freedom with an atmosphere of limitless possibilities. As Bigsby says â€Å" he has fallen in love with long distance †¦Ã¢â‚¬ (Bigsby 38) But Tom the narrator is wiser. He can see the sufferings of the Wingfeld family as being part of vaster social malady. Tennessee Williams in the Glass Menagerie has ordered his vision in a clear schematic design. In the opening moments of the play Tom the poet figure, speak to the audience of of the conventions –â€Å"Being a memory play it is dimly lighted, it is sentimental, it is not realistic â€Å". When he refers to the gentle man caller he says â€Å"He is the most realistic character in the play being an emissary from a world of reality that we were somehow set apart from. But since I have poet’s weakness for symbols, I am using this character also as a symbol†¦Ã¢â‚¬  The glass menagerie is a s ynthetic image â€Å"an illusion projected by an imaginary camera eye, turned inward upon the self and backyard upon the memory†. Williams collates several images of past from the fragments of shattered consciousness and in short the play represents a recapitulation of the poetic journey of Tom. Tom’s final speech in the play summarizes his grasp of universal truth ‘ I did not go the moon, I went much further – for time is the longest distance two places †¦for now a days the world is lit by lightening†¦Ã¢â‚¬  There is very little action in the play and there is no pattern of casual development in Tom’s vision. Thus the glass Menagerie is a memory play both in approach and content. Tom himself says that the drama lack realism but more symbolic in nature. The narrator’s memory is so clear that he can overt events with more flexibility. The role of Tom is double as the recollection of a narrator and also as the character who acts with in the limits of recollections. Thus he is able to depict the tension between objectively presented dramatic truth and the truth presented through memory. Tom successfully do this by sometimes addressing the audience and sometimes presenting himself as an actor with the necessary emotions . This double role sometimes confuses the audience. Since the play is autobiographical we can notice the similarity between the playwright and his memories about his own youth. Who was Tom or what was his opinions about his poetry or his readings, are unknown to the audience. But Tom’